Case Study
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Detail of damaged pew end. The main, butternut section has split along the original glue lines. The walnut rosette is broken. At the bottom of the photo you can see how the pews were attached to the floor - originally with square, cut nails toenailed through the feet, later with long screws through the feet, and finally with floor brackets.

The walnut cap molding at the top of the photo is attached to the butternut end with two screws- one behind the seats molding, the other underneath a butternut plug located in the top edge of the pew side.